With increased blood pressure (blood pressure) or hypertension, as a rule, retirees suffer, although recently the disease has become increasingly emerging among young people.At the same time, people often do not suspect serious problems, many eliminate headaches in low sleep or bad weather.Lack of high pressure treatment can lead to stroke, heart attack.Therefore, for timely detection of diseases, it is necessary to study in detail the main causes of hypertension.
What is hypertension
Arterial hypertension (hypertension), hypertension or hypertension is a serious chronic disease, characterized by continuous increased blood pressure (while the systolic above pressure indicator is higher than 140 mm Hg, and low diastolic pressure exceeds 90 mm Hg).Hypertension is the most common disease in the cardiovascular system.Increased blood pressure in the vessel occurs due to narrowing of the arteries and their small branches - arterioles.
The value of blood pressure depends on the peripheral resistance, the elasticity of the vessels.With the irritation of the hypothalamus receptor, in larger quantities, the hormone renin-angiotensin-aldosterone causes micro and arterial cramps, thickening of their walls, increased blood viscosity began to be produced.This leads to the emergence of arterial hypertension, which eventually becomes irreversible, stable.There are two forms of high pressure:
- Important (main).It is 95% of hypertension cases.The reason for the emergence of this form is the whole of different factors (heredity, poor ecology, overweight).
- Secondary.Contributes 5% of hypertension cases.High blood pressure in this form is caused by disorders in the body (kidneys, liver, heart disease).
The early stages of the disease or hidden courses can be suspected if one is observed:
- Memory deterioration;
- headache;
- unexplained emergency sensations;
- purity;
- Hyperhidrosis (increased sweating);
- Small spots in front of the eyes;
- finger numbness;
- Hyperemia (redness) of the front skin;
- heart rate;
- irritation;
- low performance;
- Swollen face in the morning.
The cause of hypertension
With normal body function, the heart drives blood through all vessels, delivering nutrients and oxygen to the cell.If the artery loses their elasticity or obstruction, the heart begins to work harder, the blood vessel tone increases and its diameter narrow, leading to high pressure.The onset of hypertension is due to disruption of the autonomic and central nervous system, which is closely related to emotion.Therefore, when a person is nervous, he often begins to increase stress.
After 60 years, the development of arterial hypertension is associated with the appearance of atherosclerosis (chronic artery) when cholesterol plaque overlaps normal blood flow.In this case, the patient's above pressure can increase to 170 mm Hg.Art., And the bottom remains less than 90 mm Hg.Art.Also, many doctors identify the common cause of arterial hypertension:
- violations of blood circulation of all important organs;
- psycho -emotional overstrain;
- spasizing cervical vertebral muscle;
- genetic pathology;
- reduction of elasticity, thickening of blood vessels;
- Hypokinesia (inactive lifestyle);
- hormone changes;
- Internal organ disease (liver, kidneys).
- Excessive use of salt;
- bad habits.
On the male
The appearance of hypertension, as a rule, is subject to men aged 35 to 50.High blood pressure is diagnosed in patients with a stable form of disease.This is due to the fact that men ignore the first signs of the disease.Often the causes of high blood pressure in the strong half of humans are provoked by their work.The disease affects people whose activities are associated with heavy physical and mental stress.Workers are responsible for suffering from the disease, any of the mistakes is always a strong pressure.Other causes of hypertension in men:
- smoking, alcohol abuse;
- SEDENTARI LIFE;
- does not comply with nutritional rules (fast food, candy);
- kidney disease (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis);
- taking medication (colds from flu, flu, sleeping pills or hormone medications);
- Abandonment of physical activity;
- Problems with blood vessels (atherosclerosis);
- Traumatization of central nervous system (central nervous system).
On the woman
Symptoms of the manifestation of arterial hypertension in women and men are not very different (shortness of breath, headache, ears in the ear, dizziness), but weaker sex is more likely to cope with such a disease.The cause of hypertension in women may be different from the same man, and this is caused by hormones.There is also a form of severe sexual illness at all - this is hypertension with menopause and during pregnancy.
As a rule, in women, hypertension is diagnosed during menopause (after 45 - 50 years).The body currently undergoes significant changes: the number of estrogen produced is contracting.In addition, the causes of hypertension in women may be as follows:
- contraceptive acceptance;
- pressure, load;
- Insufficient amounts of potassium in the body;
- hypodynamia (inactive lifestyle);
- excess weight;
- poor nutrition;
- giving birth;
- bad habits (alcohol, smoking);
- Diabetes mellitus;
- cholesterol metabolism;
- Kidney pathology, adrenal glands;
- vascular disease;
- Obstructive apnea syndrome (respiratory arrest).
At a young age
Hypertonic diseases are rarely observed in people under the age of 25.Often increased blood pressure at a young age is associated with neurocirculatory dystonia (complex cardiovascular system disorders), when only the upper pressure indicator changes.The cause of this violation in children can be a huge burden during the school class.In almost all cases, high blood pressure in children is a result of the pathology of the endocrine system, which is the hypertension of children.Developing arterial hypertension at a young age may have other reasons:
- descent factors;
- eating too much, the use of large amounts of salt;
- weather conditions;
- Spinal column disease.
- electromagnet, sound radiation;
- nerve overstrain;
- kidney pathology;
- taking drugs that affect the state of blood pressure;
- overweight;
- Lack of potassium in the body.
- Not suitable for sleeping regime.
The reason for the development of hypertension
The incidence of hypertension in 90 % of patients is associated with cardiovascular problems (atherosclerosis, heart disease, etc.).The remaining 10% related to symptom hypertension, namely high blood pressure is another sign of disease (kidney inflammation, adrenal tumors, renal artery narrowing), hormone failure, diabetes, traumatic brain injury, and stress.Risk factors for hypertension development are classified by two indicators:
- Not installed.The reasons that cannot be influenced by a person.These include:
- Descent.Arterial hypertension is considered a disease that is spread through genes.Therefore, if the family has patients with hypertension, it is possible that the disease will appear in the next generation.
- Physiological factors.Middle men are more vulnerable to disease than fair sex.This is explained by the fact that within 20 to 50 years, a woman's body produces more sex hormones that perform protective functions.
- Change.Factors that depend on a person, lifestyle and their results:
- SEDENTARI LIFE;
- Overweight;
- pressure;
- bad habits;
- insomnia;
- the use of large amounts of caffeine, salt, cholesterol;
- taking medicine;
- heavy lifting;
- Fluctuating in the weather.
Descendant
One of the tendencies for arterial hypertension is heredity.This can be an anatomical feature transmitted with genes.They are expressed in the difficulty of blood flow, which affects increased blood pressure.The presence of hypertension in the first links (parents, father, grandparents, native relatives) means a high probability of developing the disease.The risk of disease increases if high blood pressure is observed at some time in some relatives.
As a rule, the hypertension itself is genetically inherited, but only the tendency to it, this is due to neuropsic reactions and metabolic features (carbohydrates, fats).Often the implementation of heritage pathology is due to external influences: nutrition, living conditions, poor climate factors.
Disease
Cardiovascular disease (heart disease, ischemia) can cause high blood pressure.With this disease, the aortic gap is partially narrow - this means increased pressure.Vascular defects in nodular polyarthritis also contribute to the growth of blood pressure.Diabetes mellitus is another cause of arterial hypertension.The presence of atherosclerotic plaque narrows the lumen of the blood vessels, which is a barrier to normal blood circulation.The heart begins to work in enhanced mode, creating increased pressure.A disease that can trigger hypertension:
- kidney inflammation;
- pathology of the lymph system and liver;
- cervical osteochondrosis;
- violations of pancreas and thyroid glands;
- arterial sclerosis;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- adrenal tumors;
- traumatic brain injury;
- Narrowing the kidney artery.
Hormone changes
Violations of the endocrine organs (thyroid glands, hypothalamus, pancreas, adrenal glands) are the causes of high pressure.This pathological process slows down the production of sex hormones and its effects on the lower brain, especially for women during menopause.The serious cause of increased blood pressure, contributing to excessive hormone synthesis, is the following disease:
- Kushing Syndrome;
- thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) - an increase in thyroid gland function;
- neoplasms in the adrenal glands;
- acromegaly (impaired function of the anterior pituitary gland);
- Feochromocytoma (hormone active tumor);
- Condrome cone.
Age
Hypertension, as a rule, is more commonly observed in the elderly.This is due to the fact that over time, the artery loses their elasticity, and this has a huge impact on stress.In addition, in people after 40 years, the metabolic process slows down, against the background of the use of a large amount of high food and the wrong attitude towards food, obesity develops, and then hypertension.
Today, the cause of the disease, such as age, has changed.The disease is young, about 10% of adolescents subject to pathology and, as they grow, the percentage only increases.Each third population after 40 years is under high pressure.Indeed, in addition to the natural decline of body resistance, hereditary influence, lifestyle changes with age.
Vivid
Another cause of arterial hypertension is a lack of physical activity.Sports has a good effect on blood circulation and body as a whole, but not many people decide to start leading an active lifestyle to protect themselves from the development of hypertension.Lack of physical exercise causes obesity and overweight and, as a result, increases blood pressure.
Hypokinesia is a common disease of our time, when a person moves slightly, and this leads to a violation of blood vessels.Unhealthy nutrition, bad habits, improper lifestyle cause high blood pressure, as weakness of muscle and spine reduces blood vessels needed for good blood circulation.Working on a computer also increases the risk of disease.
Diet
The next factor contributing to the emergence of high blood pressure is poor nutrition.Salt, sweet, fried, acute, smoking and fatty foods often put unplanned pressure.Indeed, to remove excess sodium from the body, the kidneys need a certain time.Until now, the excess salt holds water, which causes swelling in people suffering from hypertension.
Lack of potassium can increase blood pressure.This element helps to relieve blood vessels, and the body - free from sodium.There are many potassium in tomatoes, dairy products, cocoa, potatoes, legumes, parsley, prunes, watermelons, bananas, green vegetables, sunflower seeds.This product should be included in the daily diet.It is necessary to reject fat, fatty meat and smoked meat, as it leads to excess weight and often accompany high pressure.In addition, such food products are harmful to the body:
- butter;
- canned food;
- Offal;
- fat sour cream, cream;
- sharp flavors;
- flour products;
- tonic drinks with caffeine;
- Sweet soda drink.
Bad habit
High doses of alcohol and intoxication caused by intoxication have a negative effect on health conditions.Drinking regular and excessive alcohol can increase heart rate, increase blood pressure sharply, causing heart attack.Smoking also does not affect stress.Nicotine contributes to the increase in pulse, heart thirst, leading to the development of coronary disease and atherosclerosis.
Tobacco and alcohol have a negative effect on the entire organism.When smoking and drinking alcohol, expansion occurs first, and then a sharp reduction in the blood vessels, as a result their cramps are created and blood flow worsen.Therefore, increased blood pressure.In addition, chemicals that are part of the cigarette can violate the elasticity of the blood vessel wall, forming a plaque that clogs the artery.
Overweight
The same cause of hypertension is obesity and excess weight.Excessive weight occurs due to inactive lifestyle, metabolic disorders, many foods with fat content, carbohydrates, salts.Open people are always at risk, as their high blood pressure increases with the burden on vessels and heart.
In addition, obesity increases blood cholesterol, which can cause diabetes.Patients are more than 3 times more frequent hypertension than people with normal weight.A person with obesity is more vulnerable to atherosclerosis, which is an additional factor in the appearance of high blood pressure.Weight loss even 5 kg will significantly reduce blood pressure and increase blood sugar.
Ecology
Many people respond to the weather, that they depend on the weather.Even true people who are rare in fresh air and carry an inactive lifestyle can be sensitive to weather change.As a rule, meteocrisis in people suffering from hypertension appears in an incredible climate and landscape, so before the trip, set up a road kit.
Urban poor ecology also seriously increases blood pressure, damages the cardiovascular system and develops hypertension.Even the short effects of harmful substances that one inhaling daily can trigger hypertension.Three common pollutants in all modern cities - nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide - negatively affect blood pressure and vascular function.
Stress
Nerve-emotional tension (stress, nerve damage, excessive emotion) is the most common cause of enlarging hypertension.For human health, any negative and depressed emotions are dangerous.The long pressure experience is a continuous pressure that wears blood vessels and heart faster than this will occur in a quiet atmosphere.As a result of nerve damage often increases in pressure and hypertension crisis.Pressure in combination with alcohol and smoking is very dangerous, as such a combination dramatically increases blood pressure.
As a rule, in someone with hypertension, the pressure increases and continues longer, even with little emotional stress.Gradually, with the recurrence of increased blood pressure, which can last for months, the apparatus responsible for controlling blood pressure is used for loads, and slow blood pressure -is set to a certain extent.